The history of Jakarta dates back to at least the 5th Century with the development of a small port of Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom at the mount of Ciliwung River. The port was known as “Sunda Kelapa”. This port was straightly connected to the centre of Pajajaran Kingdom in Batu Tulis Bogor through the Ciliwung river. Sunda Kelapa had played very important role in international trading during that time.
5th to 14th Century
The history of Jakarta dates back to at least the 5th Century with the development of a small port of Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom at the mount of Ciliwung River. The port was known as “Sunda Kelapa”. This port was straightly connected to the centre of Pajajaran Kingdom in Batu Tulis Bogor through the Ciliwung river. Sunda Kelapa had played very important role in international trading during that time.
15th to 16th Century
Searching for the fabled "Spice Island", the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Sunda Kelapa fort.
In an ancient map found in Florence, Italy dated 1467; the name of Sunda Kelapa port had already been stated. The map was quite popular throughout Europe, even before the discovery of America. Many Portuguese merchant had landed in this port before continuing their journey to the eastern part of Indonesian archipelago.
Tome Pires, a Portuguese merchant who visited Sunda Kelapa in 1522 recorded that many ships from Palembang (a city in Sumatera Island), Malaka, Tanjungpura, Makassar and also India, Cung Kuo (China) and Ryuku (Japan) were seen in this port.
The Portuguese had also been the first to establish fortress in Batavia in the early 16th century. The Portuguese kingdom assigned Governor d’Albuquerque who was the administrator of Malaka to visit Sunda Kelapa. He managed to make friend with Pajajaran kingdom and the friendship goes so far as the king allowed d’Alburqueque to established fortress in Sunda Kelapa. However, before the fortress was completed, Demak, a new emerging Islamic Sultanate in Central Java sent its troops lead by Prince Fatahillah who was also known as Faletehan to destroy the half completed fortress and to keep the Portuguese away from Sunda Kelapa. The attack was successful. The Portuguese navy fleet was destroyed. Following this success, Fatahillah changed the name of Sunda Kelapa to Jayakarta which means ‘the City of Victory’ commemorating the defeat of the Pajajaran Kingdom and its European allies. The event took place on 22 June 1527 which was later officially recognized as the birth of the city of Jakarta.
Fatahillah then assigned Tubagus Angke, one of his family member to rule Jayakarta, whereas he returned to Demak and them came to live in Cirebon for the rest of his life. Tubagus Angke give his power tto rule to his son Prince Jayakarta.
16th t0 20thCentury
During the era of Prince Jayakarta, the popularity of Jayakarta port was declined. Banten port was on the other hand increasingly visited by many merchant from all around the world. This attracted the Dutch to come to Banten. Banten people did not like the Dutch and force them to leave the port. The Dutch then seek refuge to Jayakarta port. Prince Jayakarta granted permission to the Dutch and also the British to land on the port.
The Dutch was granted a land near the mouth of River Ciliwung and started to build an office which was later to house the official Dutch trading union, The Dutch East Indian Company (VOC). The office was later changed into a fortress called by the Dutch as the fort van Jacatra in 1618. This action annoyed Prince Jayakarta and also the British and therefore this fort was attacked later the same year.
The Dutch was severely beaten. Its leader Jan Pieterzoon Coen left for Moluccas to seek aid from other Dutch fleet stationed there. On 30th of May 1619, Coen was back to Jayakarta, his troop attacked and destroyed the kingdom of Jayakarta. The Dutch also destroyed and burnt houses. From the scraps left out of this ruin, Coen re-built Jayakarta.
On 4th of March 1621, the name Jayakarta was changed to Batavia to honor the Batavir clan which was believed to be the ancestor of Dutch people. For more than 300 hundreds years afterward the Dutch ruled Jayakarta and the VOC established the Kingdom of Jakarta.
20th Century to date
During the World War II, Japan invade many Asian countries, including Indonesia. Japan invaded Batavia on 1942 and rule the country until 1945. Under the Japanese authority, the name of Batavia was changed to Jakarta.
In 1945 Japan lose the war and on August 17, 1945, Indonesia's first President Soekarno proclaimed Indonesia's independence and Jakarta become the accepted nation's capital. The capital was once moved to Jogjakarta due to security reasons, but later it was moved back to Jakarta.
In 1947 the Dutch tried to regain its power and attacked Jakarta. The attack was successful and the name of Jakarta was changed back to Batavia. For the following 2 years the Dutch expand the area of Jakarta to the South.
In 1949, the Dutch finally admit the Independence of Indonesia and left Jakarta. Jakarta as the nation’s capital had undergone many changes to this date. The city had in fact grown into a metropolis.
Source : Jakarta Java Kini, Hei Ini Jakarta Bang
5th to 14th Century
The history of Jakarta dates back to at least the 5th Century with the development of a small port of Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom at the mount of Ciliwung River. The port was known as “Sunda Kelapa”. This port was straightly connected to the centre of Pajajaran Kingdom in Batu Tulis Bogor through the Ciliwung river. Sunda Kelapa had played very important role in international trading during that time.
15th to 16th Century
Searching for the fabled "Spice Island", the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in Sunda Kelapa fort.
In an ancient map found in Florence, Italy dated 1467; the name of Sunda Kelapa port had already been stated. The map was quite popular throughout Europe, even before the discovery of America. Many Portuguese merchant had landed in this port before continuing their journey to the eastern part of Indonesian archipelago.
Tome Pires, a Portuguese merchant who visited Sunda Kelapa in 1522 recorded that many ships from Palembang (a city in Sumatera Island), Malaka, Tanjungpura, Makassar and also India, Cung Kuo (China) and Ryuku (Japan) were seen in this port.
The Portuguese had also been the first to establish fortress in Batavia in the early 16th century. The Portuguese kingdom assigned Governor d’Albuquerque who was the administrator of Malaka to visit Sunda Kelapa. He managed to make friend with Pajajaran kingdom and the friendship goes so far as the king allowed d’Alburqueque to established fortress in Sunda Kelapa. However, before the fortress was completed, Demak, a new emerging Islamic Sultanate in Central Java sent its troops lead by Prince Fatahillah who was also known as Faletehan to destroy the half completed fortress and to keep the Portuguese away from Sunda Kelapa. The attack was successful. The Portuguese navy fleet was destroyed. Following this success, Fatahillah changed the name of Sunda Kelapa to Jayakarta which means ‘the City of Victory’ commemorating the defeat of the Pajajaran Kingdom and its European allies. The event took place on 22 June 1527 which was later officially recognized as the birth of the city of Jakarta.
Fatahillah then assigned Tubagus Angke, one of his family member to rule Jayakarta, whereas he returned to Demak and them came to live in Cirebon for the rest of his life. Tubagus Angke give his power tto rule to his son Prince Jayakarta.
16th t0 20thCentury
During the era of Prince Jayakarta, the popularity of Jayakarta port was declined. Banten port was on the other hand increasingly visited by many merchant from all around the world. This attracted the Dutch to come to Banten. Banten people did not like the Dutch and force them to leave the port. The Dutch then seek refuge to Jayakarta port. Prince Jayakarta granted permission to the Dutch and also the British to land on the port.
The Dutch was granted a land near the mouth of River Ciliwung and started to build an office which was later to house the official Dutch trading union, The Dutch East Indian Company (VOC). The office was later changed into a fortress called by the Dutch as the fort van Jacatra in 1618. This action annoyed Prince Jayakarta and also the British and therefore this fort was attacked later the same year.
The Dutch was severely beaten. Its leader Jan Pieterzoon Coen left for Moluccas to seek aid from other Dutch fleet stationed there. On 30th of May 1619, Coen was back to Jayakarta, his troop attacked and destroyed the kingdom of Jayakarta. The Dutch also destroyed and burnt houses. From the scraps left out of this ruin, Coen re-built Jayakarta.
On 4th of March 1621, the name Jayakarta was changed to Batavia to honor the Batavir clan which was believed to be the ancestor of Dutch people. For more than 300 hundreds years afterward the Dutch ruled Jayakarta and the VOC established the Kingdom of Jakarta.
20th Century to date
During the World War II, Japan invade many Asian countries, including Indonesia. Japan invaded Batavia on 1942 and rule the country until 1945. Under the Japanese authority, the name of Batavia was changed to Jakarta.
In 1945 Japan lose the war and on August 17, 1945, Indonesia's first President Soekarno proclaimed Indonesia's independence and Jakarta become the accepted nation's capital. The capital was once moved to Jogjakarta due to security reasons, but later it was moved back to Jakarta.
In 1947 the Dutch tried to regain its power and attacked Jakarta. The attack was successful and the name of Jakarta was changed back to Batavia. For the following 2 years the Dutch expand the area of Jakarta to the South.
In 1949, the Dutch finally admit the Independence of Indonesia and left Jakarta. Jakarta as the nation’s capital had undergone many changes to this date. The city had in fact grown into a metropolis.
Source : Jakarta Java Kini, Hei Ini Jakarta Bang
Photograph : Batavia 1897 Wikimedia
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1 komentar:
Very nice an informative blog. I'd like to tweet your blog if I may. I also have big interest in Indonesia culture and tourism. I think your blog may spread awareness of our history and culture so Indonesian will be proud if their heritage, in proper way and for the right reasons of course. Good job on your blog and ant wait to see more!
Salam,
Dino
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